Effect of injection tool on incidence of head and neck abscesses at slaughter
نویسندگان
چکیده
Materials and methods: Pigs raised under antibiotic-free (ABF) conditions (n = 3424) were vaccinated first with combined Mycoflex and Circoflex (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, St Joseph, Missouri) and second with ER Bac Plus (Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, New York), each via either conventional syringe and needle (Needle) or NFID. The first vaccination was given on the right side of the neck 1 day post weaning and the second on the left side of the neck 70 days post weaning. Four treatment groups were based on the vaccination injection methods: Needle-Needle; Needle-NFID; NFID-Needle; and NFID-NFID.
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